The major principles of the Montessori theory as they relate to how the child learns are as follows.
1. Definition: A non-graded individualistic approach, by which a child works through a sequentially prepared environment at their own pace.
2. Auto-Education: The child is a self-educator. The teacher's role is that of an "observer". She is present as a facilitator. She has prepared the classroom environment to suit the child's physical and developmental needs. The materials and furniture are scaled to the child's size. The child "absorbs" their environment.
3. Repetition: The young child grasps concepts through the repetition and manipulation of the concrete materials in the environment. The young child judges all things by his visual perception. Abstract thinking comes later in the child's development.
4. Conscious/Deliberate Actions: The child's daily routine in the prepared environment is viewed by them as "work", not play. Their attitude toward their work differs from most adults'. The child is happy and content when immersed in their activities.
5. Freedom of Choice: The child has many opportunities for decision making. This ability will serve them well into their adult life. "Missing potential for success in adult life is not for lack of opportunities, but for the inability to make a decision."
"One could summarize the function of the Montessori method in half a dozen words, as 'freeing the child's potential for self-development.'"
